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good morning thanks for joining us here

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from the mission control center we're

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here in the international space station

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flight control room and i'm pleased to

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be joined by heather rarick a flight

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director here for the iss flight control

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team thanks for joining us this morning

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thank you i'm glad to be here and you're

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also a native of pittsburgh as well

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right yep same state pennsylvania so

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we're looking forward to hearing your

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questions go ahead and start

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um how big of a role do communications

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play with being a flight director

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extremely important that's essentially

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my job in addition to making decisions

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is the communicating to both to the team

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here in mission control

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those decisions it's also communicating

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with the astronauts on board

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international space station so it's a

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major role in a very important one

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how important is it to react quickly and

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confidently when i'm working

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it's extremely important

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the space station

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functions

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and the astronauts that live aboard the

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space station are reliant on everybody

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here in mission control to make good

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decisions and make them in a timely

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fashion and make them confidently that

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we know what we're doing

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the way we do this is by years of

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training so the training plays into our

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ability to be confident in the answers

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we

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and also you guys have a lot of sims

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right to practice right when things go

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wrong so that probably is a big

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confidence builder for the team

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absolutely um so part of the training

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that we do is uh there's a lot of

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workbooks that we read and study

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training materials and then we try to

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practice what we do which is so it's a

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simulation so it's an environment that

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looks very much like this mission

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control and we actually practice not the

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way things are supposed to work but way

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things work when they fail so when we

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have problems then we have an

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opportunity to see how we respond to

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those scenarios and some of the

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simulations are very stressful and are

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somewhat unrealistic in that we have so

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many failures that it's not a real day

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but if you can handle that in a very

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stressful a very stressful environment

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in a easy and confident way then you

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know you can do your job on a daily

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thank you

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what responsibilities must you

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well are part of your job of being a

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flight director in mission control

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well our responsibilities are to make

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sure that we

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take care of the astronauts on board so

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the primary responsibility is the safety

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of the crew members our secondary

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responsibility is the safety and control

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and maintaining a livable atmosphere in

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workplace for the astronauts and that's

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space station so

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our primary responsibility being the

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crew then our secondary responsibility

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is the place they live which then also

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supports their safety then the third

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thing that's important for us is the

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mission objective so there are science

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objectives experiments that are

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performed there are

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spacewalks that are done to

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build the space station or add on

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different elements so those

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all contribute then to the mission

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objectives which are the purpose for

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what do you find most difficult about

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yeah great question

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i don't know that any one part of it's

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difficult it's

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it's exhilarating so it's a lot of fun

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it is hard in that you do have to make

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tough decisions i think maybe the

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toughest thing was realizing the

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responsibility i took on when i accepted

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the job and so knowing that people

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depend on me both the astronauts and

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their families

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nasa the country other countries that

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are involved in space station and what

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we do for all of mankind i think that

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responsibility has probably been the

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hardest thing for me is just realizing

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that i've accepted that and i need to do

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my best

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um

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i'm aaron so

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um hi what kind of education oh hi

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so what kind of education or training do

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you need to be a flight director

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i think right now

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up until now almost all of us have been

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engineers

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so all of us have gone to college for

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engineering some form of it many of us

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are aerospace engineers but we also have

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chemical and electrical mechanical

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engineers as well

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that's the primary educational

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responsibility or expectation

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also to be a flight director then you

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have to

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usually serve some time and some other

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role in mission control so that you

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understand the protocols and the

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expectations for being in this room and

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the responsibility it holds

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and i think maybe a lot of students

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don't know what engineering is when

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you're studying that what can you tell

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them on a day-to-day you know matter

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what does an engineer do and what types

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of things are you learning

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so engineering is a lot like your

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science classes in that you have to have

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a logical progression of ideas so when

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you do like a science experiment or

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project you know you start with your

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hypothesis and and you formulate

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a plan and procedure

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it's that critical thinking that gets

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you through all those steps and

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understanding the logic between what you

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want to do and how you do it so in

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engineering classes you'll take

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you'll study how a propulsion system

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might work so you'll understand the

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different components of an engine and

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how those all work then together and

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then the different elements

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so those are the things that when you

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can understand those in a logical and

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easy way then you can apply that that

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same thinking to almost any problem or

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project that you have and so that's why

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engineering becomes important in this

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role

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so you're expert problem solvers

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that's what i like to think of it is

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absolutely and i think engineers are

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some of the unsung heroes because

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everything that we use every day was

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probably designed by an engineer

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somewhere yeah absolutely and if it

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wasn't an engineer they were thinking

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like an engineer most likely to get it

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built or designed or used yeah

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okay go ahead with your next questions

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um

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well

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what characteristics do you feel are

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important within your position

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well like i mentioned the critical um

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thinking the problem solving

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just being able to see also

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at the flight director level you need to

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see all the systems working together so

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individually there's several different

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positions in the room behind me here

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they're each responsible for their

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individual system so like the

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environmental control so that be your

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life support the oxygen

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the pressure of the space station so

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they focus on that specific system that

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that person focuses on that system

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but

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then there's one for propulsion and

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motion control

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there's one for thermal control so all

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of those then have to work together and

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add up to being an integrated system and

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that entire space station then at the

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flight director position

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is is what we need to look at is how

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does it all work together and it is each

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answer for one system the right answer

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for the whole station

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so that's one of the most important

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things

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making decisions and not being afraid to

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make decisions and knowing the risks

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that you're taking with those decisions

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and being able to weigh that all in a

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very timely fashion very quickly

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and thinking through all that that's

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thank you

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hi um what were the other jobs that you

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personally had that led up to the one

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that you have now

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um early on i worked in the space

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shuttle um program i did flight design

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so that was i helped build trajectories

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for the shuttle i did the ascent and the

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aborts on the ascent

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those were mostly uh guidance navigation

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control type

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trajectory um workings

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then um the other thing i did i think

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that led to the flight director role was

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the working with the russians i worked

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as an interface for space station

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the u.s portion with the russians

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because we work very very closely

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together in the operational world that's

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a daily responsibility to keep in sync

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with them and make sure that we're

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working toward the same objectives so i

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think those two things played a large

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role in

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in moving toward the flight director job

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hi um what is the most valuable lesson

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you've learned working as a flight

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oh my goodness

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i've learned a lot of lessons

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maybe not just one

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um

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certainly uh

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i've been around for a few failures that

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have occurred and i think each time i've

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been exposed to a failure i've learned

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on how to do it better the next time

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some of the things that one of the main

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things was i don't always have all the

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information and i need to make sure i

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get the right people involved to help

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solve the problem especially when it's

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thank you so let me say all those group

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projects you do those are all important

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you really learn how to work well and

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learn that you need each other to be

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i hear lots of laughing they must do a

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hey um how did you become part of the

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maybe nobody else wanted to do it i

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no

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there was an opportunity there i had

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spent some time traveling back and forth

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between the us and russia and had gotten

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to know many of the people in the

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russian control room

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and what they how they operated and so

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there was a position for that panel um

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to be chaired and i offered to do it and

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the office that was responsible for it

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said i i should do it and so

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and what kind of things did you do there

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uh so we did some um

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planning for

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operations and that would include when

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um

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like when we would do spacewalks like

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what the timing and the uh

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expectations were there a lot of

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coordination that goes into a spacewalk

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if you're going

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toward let's say like the russian

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segment has

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engines on it and you don't want a crew

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member to be near the engines in their

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spacesuit

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so we would have to work on coordinating

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the timeline so that we knew when the

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russian thrusters needed to be on and

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00:10:25,590 --> 00:10:22,640
when they needed to be off based on the

286
00:10:26,710 --> 00:10:25,600
activities of the planned spacewalk so

287
00:10:28,150 --> 00:10:26,720
we did those

288
00:10:29,829 --> 00:10:28,160
types of things

289
00:10:31,910 --> 00:10:29,839
to coordinate and make sure we all

290
00:10:34,949 --> 00:10:31,920
understood how we would execute and keep

291
00:10:34,959 --> 00:10:38,790
thank you

292
00:10:43,430 --> 00:10:41,430
hello um as a software executive

293
00:10:45,269 --> 00:10:43,440
engineer what type of work was involved

294
00:10:47,350 --> 00:10:45,279
with that job

295
00:10:49,030 --> 00:10:47,360
so i did this work as a rotational

296
00:10:50,230 --> 00:10:49,040
assignment to headquarters and nasa

297
00:10:52,470 --> 00:10:50,240
headquarters

298
00:10:54,470 --> 00:10:52,480
so i was only there for about 10 months

299
00:10:55,990 --> 00:10:54,480
but in that 10 months the project that i

300
00:10:58,870 --> 00:10:56,000
was assigned to support the software

301
00:11:01,509 --> 00:10:58,880
executive was a benchmarking effort so

302
00:11:03,110 --> 00:11:01,519
um myself and several other people in

303
00:11:04,310 --> 00:11:03,120
the software

304
00:11:06,470 --> 00:11:04,320
group

305
00:11:08,790 --> 00:11:06,480
around nasa uh got together it was a

306
00:11:11,670 --> 00:11:08,800
small team of about five or six people

307
00:11:14,870 --> 00:11:11,680
and we interviewed um both uh let me say

308
00:11:16,150 --> 00:11:14,880
nasa centers industry so different

309
00:11:17,509 --> 00:11:16,160
companies

310
00:11:19,110 --> 00:11:17,519
a couple

311
00:11:21,190 --> 00:11:19,120
defense agency

312
00:11:23,110 --> 00:11:21,200
elements dod type

313
00:11:24,389 --> 00:11:23,120
organizations that did software and then

314
00:11:26,389 --> 00:11:24,399
some universities that were very

315
00:11:28,310 --> 00:11:26,399
involved in software projects and we

316
00:11:29,990 --> 00:11:28,320
collected information and data about how

317
00:11:32,310 --> 00:11:30,000
they did different things like how they

318
00:11:34,310 --> 00:11:32,320
bought software if they were using it

319
00:11:35,990 --> 00:11:34,320
as part of their deliverables their

320
00:11:37,990 --> 00:11:36,000
product software

321
00:11:39,670 --> 00:11:38,000
and let's see how they did standards how

322
00:11:41,430 --> 00:11:39,680
they did process changes how they did

323
00:11:44,630 --> 00:11:41,440
their testing how much they spent time

324
00:11:46,790 --> 00:11:44,640
on testing so we did a benchmarking

325
00:11:48,550 --> 00:11:46,800
effort and then wrote a report and that

326
00:11:49,910 --> 00:11:48,560
report i think is available at nasa

327
00:11:51,670 --> 00:11:49,920
somewhere

328
00:11:53,590 --> 00:11:51,680
and that's been used to help us

329
00:11:55,350 --> 00:11:53,600
determine where we need to do better in

330
00:11:58,790 --> 00:11:55,360
the future at nasa to make sure our

331
00:12:02,550 --> 00:11:58,800
software projects are all tip top

332
00:12:05,750 --> 00:12:03,990
hi my name is joe and i have two

333
00:12:07,030 --> 00:12:05,760
questions for you first of all what

334
00:12:08,629 --> 00:12:07,040
would you consider to be the most

335
00:12:14,710 --> 00:12:08,639
interesting or memorable experience

336
00:12:19,350 --> 00:12:16,069
yeah

337
00:12:24,470 --> 00:12:21,990
watching the crew members

338
00:12:25,590 --> 00:12:24,480
i did a shuttle flight and so watching

339
00:12:27,509 --> 00:12:25,600
the shuttle

340
00:12:29,430 --> 00:12:27,519
crew arrive to space station and then

341
00:12:31,350 --> 00:12:29,440
watching them depart and seeing the

342
00:12:33,590 --> 00:12:31,360
motions that the crew members had when

343
00:12:35,829 --> 00:12:33,600
those guys came and left and how

344
00:12:37,509 --> 00:12:35,839
important the human interaction is for

345
00:12:39,590 --> 00:12:37,519
all of us and even

346
00:12:42,550 --> 00:12:39,600
people that are brave enough to spend

347
00:12:44,949 --> 00:12:42,560
six months onboard space station

348
00:12:46,150 --> 00:12:44,959
okay and um

349
00:12:48,069 --> 00:12:46,160
have you ever had a time where you

350
00:12:51,190 --> 00:12:48,079
doubted yourself or

351
00:12:53,910 --> 00:12:51,200
were unsure what to do

352
00:12:56,310 --> 00:12:53,920
yeah i think that happens to everybody

353
00:12:57,670 --> 00:12:56,320
but yes um and that's where you have to

354
00:12:59,190 --> 00:12:57,680
trust your instinct that maybe you don't

355
00:13:01,030 --> 00:12:59,200
know all the information and you have to

356
00:13:04,949 --> 00:13:01,040
go get additional information to make

357
00:13:04,959 --> 00:13:08,389
okay thank you

358
00:13:12,230 --> 00:13:10,550
hello my name is justin and i i would

359
00:13:14,550 --> 00:13:12,240
like to ask you

360
00:13:17,190 --> 00:13:14,560
who i mean or what inspired you to be

361
00:13:19,190 --> 00:13:17,200
what you are today

362
00:13:21,350 --> 00:13:19,200
so uh i think i was about three or four

363
00:13:22,150 --> 00:13:21,360
years old and i saw the landing on the

364
00:13:24,230 --> 00:13:22,160
moon

365
00:13:25,829 --> 00:13:24,240
and i think ever since that then that

366
00:13:27,990 --> 00:13:25,839
has stuck with me and i've always wanted

367
00:13:31,509 --> 00:13:28,000
to be part of the nasa programs and what

368
00:13:36,629 --> 00:13:31,519
they do here with human space flight

369
00:13:43,829 --> 00:13:38,550
hi what do you consider to be the most

370
00:13:43,839 --> 00:13:47,430
that's a tough one

371
00:13:51,910 --> 00:13:50,310
for flight safety i think

372
00:13:54,310 --> 00:13:51,920
we have a lot of

373
00:13:55,910 --> 00:13:54,320
planning that goes into

374
00:13:57,269 --> 00:13:55,920
making sure things are safe before we

375
00:13:59,030 --> 00:13:57,279
ever fly

376
00:14:01,350 --> 00:13:59,040
so

377
00:14:04,470 --> 00:14:01,360
the design of the spacecraft

378
00:14:05,910 --> 00:14:04,480
has a lot of rigor in how it's designed

379
00:14:08,230 --> 00:14:05,920
and tested

380
00:14:10,389 --> 00:14:08,240
and then we have a lot of

381
00:14:12,069 --> 00:14:10,399
tolerance for failure so we instead of

382
00:14:14,470 --> 00:14:12,079
having one computer we have three

383
00:14:16,550 --> 00:14:14,480
computers that do the same job so if one

384
00:14:18,710 --> 00:14:16,560
fails there's two more that will work

385
00:14:20,310 --> 00:14:18,720
well you can fix the third one

386
00:14:23,990 --> 00:14:20,320
then the other thing i would say is

387
00:14:26,069 --> 00:14:24,000
training is to be you know very prepared

388
00:14:29,990 --> 00:14:26,079
and the more we train and are prepared

389
00:14:35,590 --> 00:14:30,000
the safer everything is

390
00:14:40,230 --> 00:14:38,790
hi i'm francisco um i have like three

391
00:14:43,110 --> 00:14:40,240
questions um

392
00:14:44,949 --> 00:14:43,120
what do you um sorry what did nasa learn

393
00:14:47,430 --> 00:14:44,959
from the unmanned rocket that exploded

394
00:14:49,269 --> 00:14:47,440
in october

395
00:14:51,750 --> 00:14:49,279
i don't know that we've learned anything

396
00:14:54,230 --> 00:14:51,760
yet um but there is data that is coming

397
00:14:56,710 --> 00:14:54,240
forward and as we see the data we will

398
00:14:58,710 --> 00:14:56,720
we will certainly learn some things

399
00:15:01,350 --> 00:14:58,720
i since there were no humans on board

400
00:15:03,509 --> 00:15:01,360
that um spacecraft um

401
00:15:06,150 --> 00:15:03,519
that's a great thing that we

402
00:15:08,230 --> 00:15:06,160
we do learn every time something happens

403
00:15:10,069 --> 00:15:08,240
negative happens

404
00:15:11,910 --> 00:15:10,079
but we have to look at the data and see

405
00:15:14,069 --> 00:15:11,920
what it tells us so that we can figure

406
00:15:15,750 --> 00:15:14,079
out what what did go wrong and every

407
00:15:18,150 --> 00:15:15,760
time we have something go wrong then we

408
00:15:19,509 --> 00:15:18,160
figure out what was it that caused that

409
00:15:21,590 --> 00:15:19,519
and then what do we do to prevent that

410
00:15:24,629 --> 00:15:21,600
in the future so we we do take lessons

411
00:15:26,550 --> 00:15:24,639
learned very seriously at nasa and we

412
00:15:28,629 --> 00:15:26,560
learn from all different events um even

413
00:15:30,150 --> 00:15:28,639
the virgin galactic event that happened

414
00:15:33,590 --> 00:15:30,160
shortly after the

415
00:15:35,910 --> 00:15:33,600
the orbital uh cygnus spacecraft event

416
00:15:37,910 --> 00:15:35,920
uh the both of those will be uh reviewed

417
00:15:39,910 --> 00:15:37,920
and anything that's applicable to our

418
00:15:40,949 --> 00:15:39,920
environment which will likely be

419
00:15:42,069 --> 00:15:40,959
something

420
00:15:43,749 --> 00:15:42,079
we will

421
00:15:44,870 --> 00:15:43,759
look at our processes that are similar

422
00:15:47,990 --> 00:15:44,880
and make sure that we don't have the

423
00:15:52,069 --> 00:15:50,310
and what does nasa do after such an

424
00:15:53,430 --> 00:15:52,079
event and what measures are taken in

425
00:15:55,829 --> 00:15:53,440
advance to prevent these things from

426
00:15:59,110 --> 00:15:55,839
occurring

427
00:16:00,310 --> 00:15:59,120
so we do a lessons learned process with

428
00:16:03,509 --> 00:16:00,320
all of our

429
00:16:05,509 --> 00:16:03,519
events we such we had a spacesuit that

430
00:16:07,590 --> 00:16:05,519
leaked water into the helmet and that

431
00:16:10,150 --> 00:16:07,600
has taken over a year but we have tried

432
00:16:11,670 --> 00:16:10,160
to diagnose what caused that problem and

433
00:16:13,670 --> 00:16:11,680
for everything that we find that could

434
00:16:15,990 --> 00:16:13,680
be a cause we then look for a way to

435
00:16:18,230 --> 00:16:16,000
solve that problem or make it better and

436
00:16:20,310 --> 00:16:18,240
prevent it from happening again so

437
00:16:23,110 --> 00:16:20,320
everything that we do we take time to

438
00:16:25,749 --> 00:16:23,120
review it even our successes we've when

439
00:16:28,150 --> 00:16:25,759
we complete a six month increment with a

440
00:16:30,310 --> 00:16:28,160
crew member a set of crew members we

441
00:16:32,150 --> 00:16:30,320
take a a

442
00:16:33,670 --> 00:16:32,160
couple meetings and review all the

443
00:16:35,350 --> 00:16:33,680
things that may have been problems or

444
00:16:36,710 --> 00:16:35,360
potential problems and we try to find

445
00:16:38,629 --> 00:16:36,720
solutions to prevent those from

446
00:16:41,350 --> 00:16:38,639
happening again so we do that on a

447
00:16:47,269 --> 00:16:41,360
routine basis here

448
00:16:53,350 --> 00:16:50,629
hi my question is regarding the uh file

449
00:16:54,389 --> 00:16:53,360
probe that landed on the 67p comment

450
00:16:57,189 --> 00:16:54,399
recently

451
00:16:59,030 --> 00:16:57,199
um do you know what the europeans like

452
00:17:01,430 --> 00:16:59,040
hope to discover with that mission or

453
00:17:06,470 --> 00:17:01,440
was the mission primarily to ensure that

454
00:17:09,429 --> 00:17:07,909
i don't have the details of that mission

455
00:17:12,069 --> 00:17:09,439
but it's so exciting to hear that they

456
00:17:13,990 --> 00:17:12,079
actually landed a probe on a comet since

457
00:17:16,710 --> 00:17:14,000
it's never been done before and it is

458
00:17:18,390 --> 00:17:16,720
quite a feat uh they had to find the

459
00:17:20,309 --> 00:17:18,400
kind of chase the comet for a long time

460
00:17:21,669 --> 00:17:20,319
to be able to get to it

461
00:17:23,189 --> 00:17:21,679
i'm sure they're going to collect data

462
00:17:26,069 --> 00:17:23,199
now that it's on

463
00:17:28,069 --> 00:17:26,079
the surface of the comet or at the comet

464
00:17:30,310 --> 00:17:28,079
so they'll be collecting data on it so

465
00:17:32,710 --> 00:17:30,320
it's scientific research to understand

466
00:17:34,950 --> 00:17:32,720
our solar system better and then also

467
00:17:37,029 --> 00:17:34,960
just to you know can we accomplish these

468
00:17:39,350 --> 00:17:37,039
types of things

469
00:17:41,750 --> 00:17:39,360
do you think nasa will perform similar

470
00:17:43,430 --> 00:17:41,760
missions in the future so i think we're

471
00:17:45,990 --> 00:17:43,440
still working on the asteroid redirect

472
00:17:48,310 --> 00:17:46,000
mission so that's still in the the

473
00:17:49,190 --> 00:17:48,320
planning stages but working toward uh

474
00:17:51,669 --> 00:17:49,200
sending

475
00:17:53,590 --> 00:17:51,679
a spacecraft to an asteroid is on in our

476
00:17:55,350 --> 00:17:53,600
future hopefully and we're working

477
00:18:02,230 --> 00:17:55,360
toward that yes

478
00:18:05,590 --> 00:18:03,990
hi i wanted to know what an average

479
00:18:06,870 --> 00:18:05,600
workday looks like for you like is it a

480
00:18:08,870 --> 00:18:06,880
strict routine or is it very

481
00:18:10,630 --> 00:18:08,880
unpredictable

482
00:18:12,549 --> 00:18:10,640
yeah what happens on console is always

483
00:18:14,070 --> 00:18:12,559
unpredictable you can't really plan for

484
00:18:15,510 --> 00:18:14,080
it that's why we try to stress ourselves

485
00:18:17,909 --> 00:18:15,520
in these sims

486
00:18:19,270 --> 00:18:17,919
so that we have

487
00:18:21,590 --> 00:18:19,280
an idea that we don't know what's going

488
00:18:23,990 --> 00:18:21,600
on just to kind of reinforce that idea

489
00:18:25,590 --> 00:18:24,000
a typical work day is the first hour of

490
00:18:27,350 --> 00:18:25,600
working in mission control as a handover

491
00:18:29,110 --> 00:18:27,360
so the team that's coming that's been

492
00:18:31,590 --> 00:18:29,120
here for the previous eight or nine

493
00:18:33,990 --> 00:18:31,600
hours tells us what's going on and both

494
00:18:35,750 --> 00:18:34,000
the astronauts and the systems and then

495
00:18:37,029 --> 00:18:35,760
from there we get right into either

496
00:18:38,470 --> 00:18:37,039
taking care of the astronauts and the

497
00:18:39,510 --> 00:18:38,480
activities that they're working on that

498
00:18:41,830 --> 00:18:39,520
day

499
00:18:44,150 --> 00:18:41,840
or addressing any system issues if

500
00:18:46,310 --> 00:18:44,160
something's not working properly

501
00:18:47,750 --> 00:18:46,320
when we think that everything's kind of

502
00:18:49,750 --> 00:18:47,760
working well

503
00:18:51,190 --> 00:18:49,760
we always have additional planning

504
00:18:53,350 --> 00:18:51,200
activities so we can prepare for the

505
00:18:55,110 --> 00:18:53,360
next day or the day after and make sure

506
00:18:57,110 --> 00:18:55,120
that everything is that we're planning

507
00:18:58,950 --> 00:18:57,120
to do for those days is all in order and

508
00:19:00,950 --> 00:18:58,960
that it'll be

509
00:19:04,390 --> 00:19:00,960
accomplished easily without any

510
00:19:04,400 --> 00:19:08,230
thank you

511
00:19:12,470 --> 00:19:10,390
hi how are you i wanted to have i have a

512
00:19:14,230 --> 00:19:12,480
question for you and it is

513
00:19:17,590 --> 00:19:14,240
do you have teams working under you or

514
00:19:20,150 --> 00:19:17,600
is it just a few individuals

515
00:19:22,070 --> 00:19:20,160
uh so the mission control room um on the

516
00:19:24,310 --> 00:19:22,080
weekend and nights is down to four or

517
00:19:26,150 --> 00:19:24,320
five people so at night it's a very

518
00:19:28,070 --> 00:19:26,160
small team but during the houston work

519
00:19:32,390 --> 00:19:28,080
day monday through friday i think

520
00:19:33,510 --> 00:19:32,400
there's about 15 25 people in the room

521
00:19:34,710 --> 00:19:33,520
and so

522
00:19:36,789 --> 00:19:34,720
those are the people in the room that

523
00:19:38,789 --> 00:19:36,799
are working during the houston work day

524
00:19:40,390 --> 00:19:38,799
there are also people supporting

525
00:19:43,190 --> 00:19:40,400
meetings and

526
00:19:45,270 --> 00:19:43,200
all doing other planning activities for

527
00:19:46,710 --> 00:19:45,280
further out so we usually take care of

528
00:19:48,470 --> 00:19:46,720
today and tomorrow in the next couple

529
00:19:50,070 --> 00:19:48,480
days here in the control room but if

530
00:19:51,190 --> 00:19:50,080
we're talking about next week or next

531
00:19:53,110 --> 00:19:51,200
month then we have other people

532
00:19:55,830 --> 00:19:53,120
supporting that as well so it's a large

533
00:19:55,840 --> 00:20:01,029
okay thank you

534
00:20:05,830 --> 00:20:03,669
hi my name is bijan and uh i have two

535
00:20:09,110 --> 00:20:05,840
questions my first one is is it very

536
00:20:11,350 --> 00:20:09,120
competitive to get a career in nasa

537
00:20:13,430 --> 00:20:11,360
i think it is competitive uh i know a

538
00:20:15,430 --> 00:20:13,440
lot of people start at nasa through the

539
00:20:17,669 --> 00:20:15,440
co-op program and i think it's been

540
00:20:19,270 --> 00:20:17,679
changed to called pathways now but that

541
00:20:20,870 --> 00:20:19,280
that program is very competitive because

542
00:20:22,950 --> 00:20:20,880
there's a lot of

543
00:20:25,029 --> 00:20:22,960
college students that apply to to work

544
00:20:26,870 --> 00:20:25,039
there through that program

545
00:20:28,870 --> 00:20:26,880
so i think it's difficult to get in but

546
00:20:30,789 --> 00:20:28,880
once you get in and you're successful in

547
00:20:32,149 --> 00:20:30,799
doing your job here at nasa i think then

548
00:20:34,789 --> 00:20:32,159
you can look forward to a long and

549
00:20:36,710 --> 00:20:34,799
promising career

550
00:20:38,630 --> 00:20:36,720
okay and my second question is on

551
00:20:42,390 --> 00:20:38,640
average how much time does it take to

552
00:20:44,870 --> 00:20:42,400
prepare and launch a rocket

553
00:20:47,350 --> 00:20:44,880
yeah i'm not quite sure about that

554
00:20:49,110 --> 00:20:47,360
i think the way i understand the r

555
00:20:50,230 --> 00:20:49,120
because i don't do the rocket part of

556
00:20:52,390 --> 00:20:50,240
the

557
00:20:54,630 --> 00:20:52,400
space space flight

558
00:20:57,430 --> 00:20:54,640
it takes about at least two years

559
00:20:59,430 --> 00:20:57,440
to build a rocket and so in that time

560
00:21:01,669 --> 00:20:59,440
frame we are also

561
00:21:04,070 --> 00:21:01,679
building either a spacecraft or supplies

562
00:21:06,710 --> 00:21:04,080
to be put on that rocket so i think it's

563
00:21:08,549 --> 00:21:06,720
it's about two years long for that

564
00:21:13,029 --> 00:21:08,559
process

565
00:21:17,350 --> 00:21:14,710
what is the average cost of a flight

566
00:21:20,310 --> 00:21:17,360
that you prepare

567
00:21:21,990 --> 00:21:20,320
i don't have the data on the cost i

568
00:21:25,029 --> 00:21:22,000
i don't know that one

569
00:21:30,630 --> 00:21:25,039
sorry do you have another question

570
00:21:34,070 --> 00:21:32,549
if i wanted to get to your position

571
00:21:37,909 --> 00:21:34,080
later on in my life what would be the

572
00:21:41,430 --> 00:21:40,149
i think an engineering degree would be

573
00:21:43,510 --> 00:21:41,440
the most useful

574
00:21:46,870 --> 00:21:43,520
uh and then i think if you want then try

575
00:21:49,029 --> 00:21:46,880
to get a position at nasa and spend some

576
00:21:51,990 --> 00:21:49,039
time in the mission control and

577
00:21:53,590 --> 00:21:52,000
you could work your way there

578
00:21:55,350 --> 00:21:53,600
and um do you ever get to take a

579
00:21:59,750 --> 00:21:55,360
vacation

580
00:21:59,760 --> 00:22:05,110
okay thank you

581
00:22:09,990 --> 00:22:07,990
how is calculating trajec trajectory and

582
00:22:12,870 --> 00:22:10,000
flight path different when you're in

583
00:22:17,029 --> 00:22:12,880
space versus on earth or on another

584
00:22:21,750 --> 00:22:18,950
so you have to take into account the

585
00:22:23,350 --> 00:22:21,760
gravitational forces

586
00:22:25,590 --> 00:22:23,360
and the different

587
00:22:27,510 --> 00:22:25,600
atmospheric forces as well

588
00:22:29,590 --> 00:22:27,520
so depending on what planet you're on

589
00:22:31,909 --> 00:22:29,600
that'll tell you uh what those variables

590
00:22:33,590 --> 00:22:31,919
would be and then um

591
00:22:35,830 --> 00:22:33,600
you know when you stay

592
00:22:38,310 --> 00:22:35,840
you know airplanes fly at a certain

593
00:22:40,390 --> 00:22:38,320
altitude at all times or max altitudes

594
00:22:42,470 --> 00:22:40,400
are different than the rockets that try

595
00:22:44,870 --> 00:22:42,480
to leave the atmosphere so those are the

596
00:22:47,510 --> 00:22:44,880
different elements

597
00:22:51,510 --> 00:22:47,520
you know earth transportation versus

598
00:22:51,520 --> 00:22:56,630
thank you

599
00:23:04,390 --> 00:22:59,190
hello alex

600
00:23:11,669 --> 00:23:07,270
do the astronauts wear any uh specific

601
00:23:16,950 --> 00:23:13,270
they take

602
00:23:19,830 --> 00:23:16,960
personal clothing most of it is

603
00:23:20,789 --> 00:23:19,840
shorts and pants and t-shirt type polo

604
00:23:22,870 --> 00:23:20,799
shirts

605
00:23:25,430 --> 00:23:22,880
i don't think i've ever seen them wear a

606
00:23:28,950 --> 00:23:27,510
it's very casual clothing

607
00:23:30,390 --> 00:23:28,960
i think the most unique thing about it

608
00:23:31,909 --> 00:23:30,400
is they usually throw everything away

609
00:23:34,830 --> 00:23:31,919
when they're done wearing it since we

610
00:23:43,029 --> 00:23:34,840
have no way to wash it

611
00:23:47,190 --> 00:23:44,310
hi i'm sam

612
00:23:52,549 --> 00:23:49,669
what type of exercises do the astronauts

613
00:23:54,390 --> 00:23:52,559
do to prevent muscle atrophy

614
00:23:56,630 --> 00:23:54,400
okay so uh there's a couple different

615
00:23:58,710 --> 00:23:56,640
exercise pieces of equipment on board

616
00:24:00,310 --> 00:23:58,720
space station we have a treadmill so

617
00:24:01,750 --> 00:24:00,320
they do some running

618
00:24:03,350 --> 00:24:01,760
of course they have to bungee themselves

619
00:24:05,830 --> 00:24:03,360
to the treadmill so they don't fly off

620
00:24:09,110 --> 00:24:05,840
of it as they they run

621
00:24:11,510 --> 00:24:09,120
they also do a resistive exercise device

622
00:24:13,750 --> 00:24:11,520
somewhat some similar to like a bowflex

623
00:24:14,549 --> 00:24:13,760
machine that has like the rubber band

624
00:24:17,029 --> 00:24:14,559
type

625
00:24:19,990 --> 00:24:17,039
uh exercise that's not weights but

626
00:24:21,350 --> 00:24:20,000
resistance and then they also had a

627
00:24:23,190 --> 00:24:21,360
cycle ergometer which i don't know if

628
00:24:25,510 --> 00:24:23,200
they still use very often but they do

629
00:24:27,590 --> 00:24:25,520
have a bicycle type

630
00:24:28,470 --> 00:24:27,600
apparatus as well

631
00:24:33,510 --> 00:24:28,480
oh

632
00:24:37,510 --> 00:24:35,909
hi i'm zachary um

633
00:24:39,750 --> 00:24:37,520
i imagine the astronauts probably have a

634
00:24:41,430 --> 00:24:39,760
lot of downtime on the space station do

635
00:24:42,549 --> 00:24:41,440
you have any idea what they would do for

636
00:24:44,630 --> 00:24:42,559
fun

637
00:24:45,909 --> 00:24:44,640
so they are limited on their downtime

638
00:24:47,350 --> 00:24:45,919
they only get a couple hours in the

639
00:24:49,190 --> 00:24:47,360
evening before they go to sleep and then

640
00:24:50,630 --> 00:24:49,200
the weekends they do have free time

641
00:24:52,549 --> 00:24:50,640
although their saturday morning is

642
00:24:54,230 --> 00:24:52,559
dedicated to cleaning

643
00:24:56,390 --> 00:24:54,240
just like all of us that have to clean

644
00:24:57,590 --> 00:24:56,400
our rooms on saturdays

645
00:25:01,269 --> 00:24:57,600
they clean the space station on

646
00:25:02,870 --> 00:25:01,279
saturdays then their downtime

647
00:25:04,950 --> 00:25:02,880
what i know that they do is they call

648
00:25:06,710 --> 00:25:04,960
their family and friends they have a

649
00:25:08,149 --> 00:25:06,720
iphone so a phone that works through the

650
00:25:10,149 --> 00:25:08,159
computer system

651
00:25:11,990 --> 00:25:10,159
they can call anywhere in the world so

652
00:25:13,269 --> 00:25:12,000
they call people and talk quite

653
00:25:15,510 --> 00:25:13,279
frequently

654
00:25:17,110 --> 00:25:15,520
they can watch movies or videos they

655
00:25:18,630 --> 00:25:17,120
also have access to the internet so i

656
00:25:20,630 --> 00:25:18,640
know they do some computer work and

657
00:25:22,630 --> 00:25:20,640
email and then i think one of their most

658
00:25:24,070 --> 00:25:22,640
favorite activities is watching uh

659
00:25:25,990 --> 00:25:24,080
outside the windows just seeing the

660
00:25:28,310 --> 00:25:26,000
views of earth

661
00:25:30,549 --> 00:25:28,320
they take a lot of pictures um almost

662
00:25:33,750 --> 00:25:30,559
more than we can download at one time

663
00:25:35,990 --> 00:25:33,760
they have beautiful video and photos if

664
00:25:37,990 --> 00:25:36,000
you haven't gone to the nasa website you

665
00:25:41,269 --> 00:25:38,000
should go look at it

666
00:25:43,430 --> 00:25:41,279
the borealis the aurora borealis and

667
00:25:45,909 --> 00:25:43,440
the sites of the

668
00:25:48,470 --> 00:25:45,919
the cities at night with all the lights

669
00:25:51,269 --> 00:25:48,480
they also look for different weather and

670
00:25:52,950 --> 00:25:51,279
earth activities so they've seen some

671
00:25:54,390 --> 00:25:52,960
fire events like out in california

672
00:25:56,950 --> 00:25:54,400
they've also seen volcanoes and

673
00:25:58,230 --> 00:25:56,960
hurricanes so they spent a lot of time

674
00:25:59,750 --> 00:25:58,240
just looking out the window and taking

675
00:26:01,269 --> 00:25:59,760
pictures

676
00:26:05,190 --> 00:26:01,279
okay i think we only have time for about

677
00:26:09,590 --> 00:26:08,149
hi i'm jeffrey do you consider your job

678
00:26:11,269 --> 00:26:09,600
to be stressful

679
00:26:13,110 --> 00:26:11,279
yes

680
00:26:15,110 --> 00:26:13,120
yeah it is stressful but when you like

681
00:26:16,950 --> 00:26:15,120
to do something the stress kind of goes

682
00:26:19,269 --> 00:26:16,960
away when you're doing it

683
00:26:20,630 --> 00:26:19,279
so as you get into it into the rhythm of

684
00:26:22,310 --> 00:26:20,640
your job

685
00:26:24,390 --> 00:26:22,320
it seems like the stress takes care of

686
00:26:25,990 --> 00:26:24,400
itself

687
00:26:27,269 --> 00:26:26,000
great well thank you all so much for the

688
00:26:29,830 --> 00:26:27,279
great questions i thought that was

689
00:26:31,269 --> 00:26:29,840
really interesting

690
00:26:34,149 --> 00:26:31,279
and thank you heather for joining us

691
00:26:35,510 --> 00:26:34,159
thank you this is my pleasure